HomeMy WebLinkAboutOrd 320 Adopting Open Space Plan ORDINANCE NO. 320
AN ORDINANCE OF THE BOARD OF ALDERMEN OF THE TOWN OF
WESTLAKE, TEXAS, ADOPTING AN OPEN SPACE PLAN FOR THE TOWN
OF WESTLAKE; PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE; AND PROVIDING A
SEVERABILITY CLAUSE.
WHEREAS, the Town of Westlake has recently adopted zoning ordinances that
has created nine (9) "PD" Planned Development Districts, one "PD" Planned
Development District for Maverick commercial Investment, Inc. and eight"PD" Planned
Development Districts for AIL Investments, L.P.; and
WHEREAS, the Board of Aldermen adopted a Comprehensive Plan for the Town
of Westlake ("Westlake Comprehensive Plan") in 1992 and it contains a Conceptual
Open Space Plan within the Land Use Section; and
WHEREAS, the Board of Aldermen desires to adopt an Open Space Plan for the
Town of Westlake which incorporates the Conceptual Open Space Plan within the Land
Use Section of the Westlake Comprehensive Plan and the changes resulting from the
adopting of the nine PD zoning ordinances.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF
THE TOWN OF WESTLAKE, TEXAS:
SECTION 1: That the Open Space Plan attached hereto and incorporated herein
as Exhibit "1" is hereby adopted as the Open Space Plan for the Town of Westlake,
Texas. This Open Space Pian replaces the Conceptual Open Space Plan, as amended,
within the Land Use Section of the Westlake Comprehensive Plan.
SECTION 2: That this Ordinance shall become effective upon its passage and
approval.
SECTION 3: If any portion of this Ordinance shall, for any reason, be declared
invalid by any court of competent jurisdiction, such invalidity shall not affect the
remaining provisions hereof and the Board hereby determines that it would have adopted
this Ordinance without the invalid provision.
PASSED AND APPROVED by the Board of Aldermen of the Town of Westlake,
Texas, on this 8"' day of March, 1999.
Scott Bradley, Mayor
Ordinance No. S-4 Page 2
(Adoption of Open Space Plan)
ATTEST:
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APPRO D AS TO FORM:
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Paul C. Isham, Town Attorney
Open Space Plan
The Town of Westlake
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ORDINANCE #320
Adopted March 8, 1999
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Prepared by
Newman, Jackson, Bieberstein, Inc.
J .D. Wilson & Associates
Town of Westlake
INTRODUCTION
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 1
Town of Westlake
INTRODUCTION
• General Overview
• Plan Directives
• Plan Purpose and Organization
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PlAN Page 2
Town of Westlake
INTRODUCTION
General Overview
This report examines, integrates, and provides direction for diverse aspects of open space
preservation and urban trail development in the context of rapid new town growth and rural setting
of the Town of Westlake, Texas. Characterized by wooded floodplains and roll ing prairies, the small
Westlake community of approximately 250 people is on the brink of explosive urban expansion.
Ensuring that this dynamic new growth has a unifying direction and foundation demands a sound
open space plan that incorporates environmental and cultural considerations, existing landscape
ordinances , the proposed thoroughfare plan, and developers' master plans .
To their credit, the Board of Aldermen has recognized that, to a great extent, the immediate
community character and identity of Westlake will be established and driven by the location and
design of its open space and trail system. Moreover, the Town of Westlake is surrounded and serves
as a member of Metroport, an assemblage of cooperating suburban cities which share urban service
resources as well as a common vision for regional development. Given this civic relationship, this
Open Space Plan seeks to address the needs of citizens and the immediate potentials and demands
of development, as well as Westlake's commitment to effectively respond and relate to open space
plans of neighboring cities .
Generally recognized by this Open Space Plan are the inter-relationships between environmental
stability, property protection, demands and opportunities for urban and economic development,
recreational and aesthetic goals of local citizens and regional neighbors, and strong desires and
motivations to maintain and enhance rural character and identity of Westlake.
Plan Directives
Preservation of open space and development of a comprehensive trail system that winds throughout
the Town of Westlake and connects most areas of the community will help to accomplish several
important directives expressed by Town residents and Aldermen. These directives are the driving
mechanisms for this report:
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Provide a community asset that serves as an attractive setting, promotion mechanism,
and unifying element for residential, commercial, retail and service oriented development;
Help to preserve a rural character while accommodating development;
Reduce the costly affects of storm water run-off, including flooding and erosion;
Facilitate alternative modes of transportation for residents and workers of all ages;
Promote health and well being of residents and workers;
Promote and maintain a sense of Town identity that galvanizes community support and
unity, encourages social in terconnectedness, reflects the rich rural history of the area,
and helps ensure Town vitality; and
• Enhance existing and future property values and market appeal throughout the Town .
The Open Space Plan presented by this document responds directly to the goals and policies
proposed by the 1992 Comprehensive Plan, which was adopted by the Town of Westlake Board of
Aldermen . The present document provides greater emphasis and detail of the open space system
and trail networks than first reported in the Comprehensive Plan, and , therefore, replaces the open
space element of the 1992 Plan.
Also, this study recognizes two (2) recently approved zoning applications of nine (9) Planned
Development Districts for the Circle T Ranch and one (1) PO district for Maverick Commercial
Investments, Inc. These approved applications occurred in July of 1998.
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 3
Town of Westlake
Plan Purpose and Organization
The purpose of this Open Space Plan, as a complement to the earlier Comprehensive Plan, is to
establish guide lin es for open space development that help to fulfill the needs and goals for: 1)
environmental and economic sustainability and vitality; 2) community health, safety and welfare; 3)
social and recreational functions and activities, and 4) Town identity and image. The Plan also
includes an Open Space Standards section developed for specific design and construction of the
Open Space System.
The Plan document is organized into three sections:
I) INTRODUCTION
II) OPEN SPACE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Ill) OPEN SPACE STANDARDS
The detailed content of each section is as follows :
I) INTRODUCTION
II) OPEN SPACE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
+ INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS-This section presents facts concerning open
space plans of adjacent cities and provides an understanding and overview
of the physical form and function of the system components and proposed
design elements.
+ GOALS AND POLICIES -This second section delineates plan goals and related
policies that, along with inventory and analysis, sets the basis for preparation of the
Open Space Master Plan and Design Standards.
+ THE OPEN SPACE SYSTEM -This section introduces the Open Space System
Master Plan , provides an overview of system components and design elements
delineated by the plan. The master plan's relationship to neighboring cities and broad
concerns of system access, signage, and lighting are also addressed. Approaches for
long-term system management and maintenance are discussed.
+ IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OPEN SPACE PLAN-This section discusses system
development in terms of subdivision concerns, development agreements, landscaping,
and irrigation.
Ill) OPEN SPACE STANDARDS-This section contains detailed Town standards for
hike, bike and equestrian trails describing design materials and standards for trails,
underpasses, signage, drinking fountains, key trail spots, overlooks, drainage systems,
lighting, railings, and trail maps. The section covers trail maintenance and landscape
standards.
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page4
Town ofWestlake
OPEN SPACE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN PageS
Town of Westlake
OPEN SPACE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
• INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS
• GOALS AND POLICIES
• THE OPEN SPACE SYSTEM
• IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 6
Town of Westlake
INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS
• Regional Plan of Metroport
• Open Space Plans of Neighboring Cities
• Existing Conditions-Town of Westlake
+ Unique Natural Resources
+ Rural Character
+ Land Ownership
+ Early Stage of Development
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 7
Town ofWestlake
INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS
Regional Plan of Metroport
On a broad scale, the Town of Westlake is a participating member of Metroport Cities Partnership,
an official association of neighboring cities in the north-central part of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metrople x.
Other cities included in this group are Haslet, Roanoke, The Town of Trophy Club, Grapevine, Keller.
Southlake, and Colleyville (see Figure 1 ). These municipalities meet and cooperate on a regional
basis to address mutually beneficial approaches to town concerns and issues , such as provid ing
mutual support for community services as well as anticipating and facilitating economic development
for the region .
As a member of Metroport, the Town of Westlake is charged with balancing and fulfilling its own
needs in light of those of its neighbors. This Open Space Plan meets this challenge by providing
opportunities for direct linkages to adjacent c ities through the trail systems and flood plain corridors
presented by this report. These features not only provide interurban transportation opportunities that
bring community neighbors and economies together, but they also allow greenway continuity from
Keller through Westlake and Trophy Club to Lake Grapevine. These connected-community open
space corridors allow opportunities and cost efficiencies associated with a regional approach to
recreational facilities . These benefits are well recognized by leaders of the small neighboring cities
that address with tight budgets the demands for outdoor space. This broad scale connection between
cities also helps to literally delineate and define Metroport as the "Regional Park" that it is envisioned
to be. Furthermore, these connections provide greater regional exposure that can serve to
communicate desired images and identity of the Town of Westlake, contributing to ultimate goals for
residential livability and economic success .
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 8
Town of Westlake
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March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 9
Town of Westlake
Open Space Plans of Neighboring Cities
By proposing and approving this Open Space Plan , the Town of Westlake joins other insightful
communities in their successful efforts in establishing master plans for the protection and orderly
development of open space. Forward-thinking cities including Keller, South lake, and nearby North
Rich l and Hills have adopted plans, design standards, and implementation guidelines for town
amenities such as parks, greenspace , and trail systems.
Keller
In 1993, to enhance the city's quality of life, Keller approved its "Park and Open Space Master
P lan Update, " wh ich recommends establishment of greenway easements, as well as protection
and enhancement of floodplain and tributary parcels for flood protection and recreational
greenbelts . The Keller Plan focuses on three general treatments of greenbelts:
1) Semi-Developed Open Space which includes walking, bicycle, and equestrian trail systems
along drainageways, utility easements, and greenway easements established in new
subdivisions . The trail system and easements link Keller's neighborhoods to each other and to
key town features such as parks, schools, recreational facilities, and community centers.
2) Undeveloped Open Space is set aside primarily to protect the countryside character of the
community. These areas include non-buildable and/or sensitive parcels with steep slopes, dense
woodlands, and natural wildlife habitats.
3) Access Points/Activity Nodes are more developed areas that provide access to the trail system
and necessary support facilities, such as parking, restrooms, picnic areas, drinking fountains , and
play areas. The Keller Plan recommends that these key facilities are located along trails at one-
mile intervals to properly service all community neighborhoods.
The Keller plan also addresses and identifies opportunities for linkages to neighboring city trails
and open spaces. These connector trails are planned · such that linkages to the Town of
Westlake, North Richland Hills, Southlake, and Colleyville are possible, anticipated, and planned.
With its master plan in place, Keller will be ready to capitalize upon inter-city interaction as these
adjacent towns agree to connect to the Keller system.
Southlake
Faced with the potential of extensive growth in 1992, the city of Southlake adopted their first
master plan for Parks, Recreation, and Open Space to address immediate and future needs for
neighborhood and community parks, linear greenways, and trail systems. Southlake's impetus
for this plan came at a time of mounting concern regarding the city's total lack of ball fields,
neighborhood parks, and linear greenways. Furthermore, without an insightful open space plan
in place during earlier development in Southlake, public access to the town 's most valuable
natural resource, Big Bear Creek, was lost to private property owners. Southlake's plan,
therefore, addresses procurement of land for public access open space, new park planning,
l inkages to already-constructed school parks and playgrounds, trail development, re-acquisition
and restoration of natural areas and drainageways lost to early development, and leasing
lakeside park land from the Corps of Engineers at Grapevine Lake. The master plan focuses on
both local and regional needs for these facilities .
Southlake's town leaders and citizens are commended for their actions to develop open space
for their community. Perhaps the greatest lesson learned from their accomplishment is the value
of early planning and implementation of community open space plans before explosive
development interests eliminate opportunities for community recreation, relaxation, and
protection.
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 10
Town of Westlake
North Richland Hills
While not an immediately adjacent neighbor to Westlake, North Richland Hills' proposed trail
syste m and its planned connections to tra ils in Keller, Colleyv ille , Haltom City, Hurst, and
Richland Hills will provide a significant link in creating a regional tra il system for the north-central
Texas cities, including Westlake . In 1993, North Richland Hills adopted its own Trail System
Master Plan, which, along with the city's 1991 Parks and Recreatio n Master Plan, provides a
thorough, insightful, and comprehensive approach to planning for the development of the city 's
growing recreational system.
The Town of Trophy Club
Located immediately north of Westla ke, the Town of Trophy Club has not yet addressed inter-city
connector trails and greenways; however, it has embraced the concept of utilizing and capturing
benefits from open space development. Trophy Club's golf course encompasses much of the
town's natural flood pla in that extends northward from Westlake. As W estlake develops portals
into its own open space system along the boundary with Trophy Club, discussions may be
prompted for direct linkage between the two towns through the ex isting flood plain greenways.
These potentia l opportunities for linking adj acent town open spaces can d irectly benefit both
townships by ex panding access to additional recreational facilities and by promoting
pedestrian/bike commuting to area workplaces .
March, 1 999 OPEN SPA CE PLA N Page 11
Town of Westlake
Existing Conditions-Town of Westlake
With onl y a total land area of approximately 4000 acres , The Town of Westlake makes a strong and
indelible impression on those who live, work, and visit there. The Town is readily described by its
landscape beauty . Rolling ranchland grass meadows, dotted with clusters and individual specimens
of trees, and meander ing flood plain valleys create an attractive and memorable image and identity
for the Town. The majority of the current population of approximately 250 residents own beautifully
delineated , multi-acre private ranch properties. The Solana Development, built in the early 1990's,
offers the first commercial office and hotel development within Westlake. Its high quality standards
and architecture make this mixed-use complex not only a unique anchor along Highway 114, but also
a shining example for future commercial development. While Solana stands as the only commercial
development within Westlake up to this point, the Town is poised for major residential and commercial
development in the near future . In July of 1998, the Town approved the Planned Development
applications of the Circle T Ranch and the Maverick Commercial Investments. These large mixed-
use and corporate headquarters developments have incorporated the draft concepts of the Open
Space Plan of 1996 to enhance their new facilities and intend to provide both public and private
connections into the Open Space System . If guided by development plans that are sensitive to
environmental beauty and balance as well as to cultural identity and goals of Westlake, these new
developments can help to ensure the long-term vitality and livability of the Town of Westlake, fulfill
needs and demands related to Town growth, and enrich the future for its residents, workers, and
visitors.
This section of the Open Space Plan document identifies, describes, and analyzes the unique
resources and rural character of Westlake so that their cultural and economic value and importance,
as well as the opportunities they afford, can be appreciated and captured.
Unique Natural Resources
• Topography and Drainage
Westlake is distinguished by its graceful rolling topography, with dramatic knolls and, in some
locations, steep terrain. Figure 2 illustrates the topographic variation of Westlake. The map
indicates five categories of slope percent gradients:
O to3%
3to 5%
5 to 10%
10 to 25%
25% to steeper slopes
Most of Westlake is generally flat to gently rolling, primarily falling between 0 to 5% slopes. This
more level land area generally occurs along U.S. Highway 377 to the west and along State
Highway 114 to the north . Land steepens toward south Westlake , particularly near six prominent
hilltop knolls, where gradients increase dramatically to 25 and 30 percent.
Elevation varies across Westlake from hilltops and ridges at 750 feet (mean sea level) in the
southern section of the Town down to 600 feet elevation in northern flood plains.
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 12
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Drainage patterns in Westlake are generally defined by three primary drainage ways which flow
from south to north , intersect State Highway 114, and flow into the Town of Trophy Club. Of the
three drainage ways, the most western one includes significant secondary branches that wind
through Westlake. Flood plains within these drainage ways vary in width from 200 to 1400 feet.
Scattered along the creek beds are several existing ponds and lakes created for water
conservation, stormwater detention, and ranch management purposes. A detailed description
of the Westlake drainage system is available in reports prepared for hydrological analysis and
storm water management.
Open space development that encompasses low lying flood plains and steep slopes of the
existing topography offers several benefits, especially for a town undergoing new growth. A few
of the readily attainable benefits include the fact that preserving the unique rolling landscape of
Westlake 1) affords unique opportunities to maintain and enhance rural character; 2) can provide
attractive backdrops and vis ually exciting topographic change and vistas for residential,
commercial, and recreationa l development; 3) helps to direct construction of structures to slopes
that are more stable, less erosive. less flood prone, and more suitable for building; 4) utilizes the
already efficient 100 year flood plain to help control storm water runoff volumes and velocities;
and 5) provides property where increased runoff related to urban growth can be accommodated
by natural, sensitive detention and retention features.
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Figure 2. Topography and Drainage Map
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 13
Town of Westlake
• Vegetation
Westlake's vegetative patterns are strongly ind icative of its location within the Blackland
Prairie of Texas and of its rich historical and current use as prime ranchland. The Blackland
Prairie's gently rolling grasslands dotted with individual tree specimens and scattered clusters
of trees are expressed throughout the study area as shown in Figure 3.
Exag gerating the expanse of existing prairies, old growth trees were long ago removed or
thinned on ranchland property to promote grass growth and to facilitate stormwater runoff
within flood plains. The only concentration of dense tree stands are located outside the fence
lines of the former CircleT Ranch, primarily in the eastern third of Westlake. These dense
groves of second-generation growth, along with numerous, scattered specimens, generally
are located near seasonal creeks, on inaccessible steep slopes, and adjacent to existing
water bodies such as ponds, stock tanks, and active streams.
Existing grasses generally consists of Coastal Bermudagrass on active ranchland and tall
Prairie Bunch grasses (primarily Little Blue Stem and Texas Needle Grass) elsewhere. Tree
species include scattered Mesquite, Red Oaks, Live Oaks, Post Oaks, Hackberry, American
Elm, Cedar Elm, Hawthorn, Honey Locust, Chittamwood, Pecan, Bur Oak, and Chinquapin
Oak. Tree ages and sizes range from small saplings to tall, mature specimens.
The value of existing vegetation in Westlake cannot be underestimated. The very nature and
character of Westlake as a rural community with a rich ranching history is largely, if not
solely, demonstrated by vegetative patterns of rolling prairie grasslands and majestic trees.
The challenge to fulfill stated goals to maintain and enhance the rural character of Westlake
could only be fully accomplished through proper management and protection of existing
plants and trees. Moreover, the relationship between new development and existing
vegetation can be mutually beneficial. That is, the provision of adequate open space which
is sensitive to, protects, and enhances existing vegetation will not only provide environmental
and cultural benefits, but will also provide measurable economic benefits through greater
property market valu<a$ and enhanced community image .
Rural Character
Located in a quickly urbanizing area between the DFW and Alliance Airports, the Town of Westlake
is poised for explosive urban development that likely will contribute to the Town's ultimate image,
identity, of the Town, and its future growth patterns. A stated directive for this report is to address the
Town's desire to maintain and enhance the rural character of Westlake. Indeed, just as it is today,
it has been Westlake's beautifully graceful and rural nature that has enticed homeowners and
insightful businesses to establish there. Rather than radicall y changing Westlake's properties to
replicate the relatively uniform pattern of typical suburban cities, Westlake's leaders have made the
bold choice to ·protect, focus, and capitalize upon its rich natural landscape and rural identity. This
choice creates unique opportunities for residential, cultural, recreational, and commercial
development not found or captured by neighboring suburban areas.
Momentum for protecting the unique rural character already has been established by existing
residential areas and by the development of Solana, a comprehensively planned office park. Through
insightful and effective site design, quality building form, and environmental sensitivity, these
developments have demonstrated successful and aesthetic alternatives to typical suburban sprawl.
These alternatives utilize existing landscape quality to create cultural and market value that cannot
be easily re-invented. It is one challenge of this document to offer guidelines and standards that will
continue these successful patterns that celebrate Westlake's rich rural history and future.
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 14
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Figure 3. Vegetation Map
Land Ownership
Land ownership in the Town of Westlake reflects the historical ownership patterns of prime ranchland
and residential settings. Current ownership primarily is concentrated in multiple-acreage working
ranches, ranch-like home sites, and pristine, undeveloped properties. Commercial development has,
to this point, been lim ited to the sensitively designed office park of Solana and new PO Developments
of the CircleT Ranch and the Maverick Corporate campus. A majority of the town is made up of three
large property ownerships : 1) McGuire-Thomas with 700 acres, 2) Circle T Ranch with
approximately 2200 acres, and 3) the Maverick Corporate Campus with approximately 300 acres.
The development of these key property holdings will, to a large degree, determine the ultimate
character of the Town of Westlake.
Early Stage of Development
While Westlake is poised for explosive urban development, the Town is also in the fortuitous position
of being able to guide this expansion in early stages of development. This opportunity allows the
implementation of comprehensive master plans and standards, as presented by this document, that
not only address immed iate needs, but also allow insightful approaches to mitigate future problems
and accomplish future Town goals. In doing so, the Town can focus and capitalize upon-rather than
turns its back on -existing environmental forms, patterns, qualities, and functions that are not readily
nor economically re-invented.
This document provides Town residents and leaders of Westlake a proactive tool for addressing
development concerns in early stages of development. The comprehensive design standards and
approaches for open space development that are presented here can be implemented to help avoid
future mistakes possibly demanding exorbitant expenditures for a small community, as well as help
to ensure that Town goals are accomplished.
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 15
Town of Westlake
GOALS AND POLICIES
• GOAL1
Deve lop an open space system within Westlake that works with development
standards to maintain and enhance the Town's rural identity and character to provide
a rural experience for residents, employees and visitors.
• GOAL2
The Open Space system should preserve natural drainage areas in order to help
reduce storm water run-off and flooding, and to help prevent eros io n.
• GOAL3
Preserve and enhance the Town's valuable and sensitive natural resources.
• GOAL4
Develop an open space and trail system that facilitates ease of access and circulation,
promoting recreation and fitness use and reinforcing a "sense of community" within the
Town.
• GOALS
Ensure that adjacent development and the open space system are developed in a
compatible manner.
• GOAL6
Ensure that the Westlake Open Space and Trail System fits into the regional open
space and trail system.
• GOAL7
Ensure that the open space system ages well and that the need for maintenance is
minimized .
• GOALS
Ensure that some of the open space system fulfills the requirements to qualify for
Federal funding assistance.
• GOAL9
Provide for the dedication of the Town's natural drainageways to comply with the Open
Space Plan .
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 16
Town of Westlake
GOALS AND POLICIES
The following goals and policies have been developed to provide guidance and direction in the planning,
design, implementation , maintenance and operation of an open space and trail system for the Town of
Westlake.
GOAL 1: Develop an open space system in Westlake that works with development
standards to maintain and enhance the Town's rural identity and character to
provide a rural experience for residents, employees and visitors.
Policy 1.1 Utilize non-buildable land areas of the natural flood plains and steep topography for
public open space whereve r possible.
Policy 1 .2 Reforest and landscape in a naturalistic manner, using random, grouped arrangements
of native trees and vegetation.
Policy 1.3 Provide incentives that help ensure that necessary tree removal is mitigated by new
tree planting.
Policy 1.4 Rather than "turn the back" of new construction on open space corridors, place
significant focus toward open space corridors --opening views and providing access
to these valuable resources.
Policy 1.5 Capture picturesque views to hills, valleys, trees and water.
Policy 1.6 Allow for "neighbor" interaction along the trail network. Provide an open space system
that is generally visible and easily accessible from several areas of the Town.
Policy 1.7 Utilize ponds and lakes as water retention devises to reduce flooding and erosion along
drainage corridors.
Policy 1.8 Avoid abrupt "walls" of vegetation and fences along the edges of the open space
system where possible.
GOAL 2: The Open Space system should preserve natural drai nage areas in order to help
reduce storm water run-off and flooding, and to help prevent erosion.
Policy 2.1 Capitalize upon the existing efficiency of the natural flood plain to accommodate storm
drainage. Minimize costly underground pipe systems that destroy natural features and
increase city maintenance expenses. Allow existing drainageways to remain in their
natural state. Avoid concrete-lined channels. Integrate existing and new ponds into the
storm water drainage system to reduce storm water run-off volume and velocity to
mitigate severe erosion and property damage .
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 17
Town of Westlake
Policy 2.2 Open Space corridors should be well landscaped to utilize plant root structures in
preventing erosion during storm run-off, and to utilize plant leaf cover to reduce ground
water evaporation during drought conditions.
Poli cy 2.3 Encourage the use of native and indigenous plant materials in landscaping the open
space system.
Policy 2.4 Stabilize steep slopes through environmentally sensitive techniques that promote slope
stability, re-vegetation where necessary, and respond to the existing character of the
natural landscape.
GOAL 3: Preserve and enhance the Town's valuable and sensitive natural resources.
Policy 3.1 Preserve significant wetlands, flood plains, woodlands and other environmentally
sensitive areas.
Policy 3.2 Minimize grading within the open space system.
Policy 3.3 Where erosion control is necessary, ensure that natural mitigation techniques are used
as a first measure. When use of a hard surface method is required, utilize planting and
natural stone or stone-faced concrete, and avoid straight, ove rly articulated man-made
lines.
Policy 3.4 Plant native trees and other vegetation in groves and groupings of similar material to
ensure a natural look. ·
GOAL 4: Develop an open space and trail system that facilitates ease of access and
circulation, promoting recreation and fitness use, and reinforcing a "sense of
community" within the Town.
Policy 4.1 Coordinate the trail system so that it is compatible with land use and thoroughfare plans
in the Town so that residents and employees have access to schools, public facilities
and commercial services.
Policy 4.2 Ensure that a continuous natural open space system remains open to the public, in
order to provide alternative means of circulation within the Town to services and
facilities.
Policy 4.3 Delineate the system as a linear, interconnected open space that serves Westlake as
a community-wide park that weaves through and links neighborhoods, services, and
facilities.
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 18
Town of Westlake
Policy 4.4 Locate the open space and trail system so tha t all properties are generally within
one-quarter mile of a trail.
Policy 4.5 Ensure that local access, through public streets or local trails, is provided in
subdivisions to facilitate access from all properties to the system.
Policy 4.6
Policy 4.7
Policy4.8
Policy 4.9
Policy4.10
Policy 4.11
Policy 4.12
GOALS:
Policy 5.1
GOALS:
Policy 6.1
Policy 6.2
March, 1999
Ensure that the primary trail system and roadways are grade separated to provide for
continuity and increased safety for trail users .
Provide for a hierarchy of trail widths, 8 feet wide for all hike/bike trails unless
the Town secures a federal grant for the construction of the public hike/bike
trail in which the trail shall be 12 feet wide.
Include facilities for walking, biking, running and equestrian in the open space and
trail system.
Provide linkages to community recreational and social activity nodes.
Promote the bicycle as a viable personal mode of transportation for residents and
workers.
Ensure that the open space and trail system is· barrier free and offers accessibility to
the physically impaired.
Locate readily understandable and attractive signage to property guide users through
the system and to indicate attractions.
Encourage adjacent development and the open space system to be developed
in a compatible manner.
Locate and design the open space and trail system to minimize views into private
properties and preserve security.
Ensure that the Westlake Open Space and Trail System fits into the regional
open space and trail system.
Locate and design hike, bike, and equestrian circulation systems to provide continuity
with regional systems, whi le providing a local circulation function within the Town .
Delineate entry portals that signify the Town of Westlake Open Space System to
regional trail users.
OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 19
GOAL 7:
Policy 7 .1
Policy 7.2
Policy 7 .3
GOALS:
GOAL9:
Policy 9 .1
March , 1999
Town of Westlake
Ensure that the open space system ages well and that the need for
maintenance is minimized.
Ensure that the system is designed and laid out in a manner that minimizes effo rt in
maintenance, but does not sacrifice the overall character, use, and beauty of the
system .
Provide for high quality materials to be used in the construction of the trail system.
Provide for newly planted materials to be irrigated .
Provide for some of the open space system to fulfill the ASHTO requirements
to qualify for Federal funding assistance.
Provide for dedication of Town's natural drainage-ways to comply with the
Open Space Plan
Requ ire dedication of the open space land in drainageways .
OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 20
Town of Westlake
THE OPEN SPACE SYSTEM
• Overview of the Open Space System Master Plan
• Components of the System
+ The Flood Plain System
+ Greenway Connectors
+ Significant Natural Features
• Design Elements of the System
+ Hike and Bike Trails
+ Equestrian Trails
+ Overlooks and Rest Stops
• Access to the System
• Signage and Lighting
• Design Elements in Properties Adjacent to the
Open Space System
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 21
Town of\Vestlake
THE OPEN SPACE SYSTEM
Overview of the Open Space System Master Plan
The 1992 Westlake Comprehensive Plan calls for an open space system for the township that preserves
recreational and aesthetic linkages throughout the community. In direct response to this mandate, the
present document proposes the Open Space System Master Plan, shown in Figure 5. By means of
open space preservation and trail system development in strategic areas, the master plan is the spatial
manifestation of goals and policies set forth by both the Comprehensive Plan and this report . These
strategic areas include:
sensitive and unique natural areas to protect valuable natural resources;
land areas with steep slopes in excess of 25% to protect and capitalize upon otherwise non-
buildable parcels;
existing flood plains and drainage ways to protect residents, property, and the rural character of
the community;
new east/west greenway corridors to interconnect open space corridors with neighborhoods;
housing areas throughout the community to provide a network of trail access and to facilitate
interaction between neighbors and subdivisions;
key locations for inter-city connections with adjacent communities to ensure that the Westlake
system supports and benefits from the regional t-ail sys~em.
Components of the Open Space System
The Flood Plain System
Viewed from roadways entering the Town of Westlake and from topographic high points, the
community's flood plain valleys help to immediately communicate a rural, small town landscape .
Westlake is graced by these flood plains which are characterized by gently meandering, grassy
valleys with seasonal creeks and accented by native understory trees and large oaks that drape
branches along the flood plain edges. Attractive ranch ponds and lakes constructed for livestock
water sources and flood control can be found along all three drainage ways.
Westlake's flood plains are the temporary water storage components of the town's three major
watersheds, which drain northeast from Westlake through the Town of Trophy Club and into Lake
Grapevine. The flood plains outline the area expected to experience flood conditions once in every
one hundred (100} years. 100-year flood plains are commonly set aside by insightful communities
for protection from devastating effects of such severe stormwater runoff. Moreover, as urban
development occurs and continues within the watersheds with ever-increasing runoff volumes and
velocities, flood plains and drainage ways become even more prone to severe flood stages--
emphasizing their increasing importance in protecting community interests and liv~s.
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 22
Town of Westlake
Within the 100-year boundary, no development may occur that impedes flood water flow. This
restriction is reduced by flood plain mitigation whereby alternate, acceptable land is set aside to
adequately accommodate increased storm water runoff volumes caused by the development.
Another (yet less sensitive and more costly) alternative is to eliminate the flood plain by installing
underground stormwater drainage piping systems. While both alternatives may provide additional
buildable land area for development, typically the flood plain's natural resources. amenity
opportunities, and open space beauty are either irreversibly lost, or they cannot be replicated
without exorbitant capital expenditures by the community.
This Open Space Plan capitalizes upon Westlake's invaluable natural flood plains with its
comprehensive trail system that serves commercial and residential interests . The preserved 100-
year flood plain valleys provide many advantages for the development of the recommended hike,
bike , and equestrian trails. The size and orientation of the flood plains allow broad access for much
of Westlake and provide sufficient space for a variety of recreational activities. The natural, winding
corridors can be both pleasing and challenging for users of all abilities and age levels. Emphasis
of significant natural features and attractive constructed elements provides visual stimulation and
interest. Moreover, the gentle slope of the valleys and grassy open spaces not only represent the
local rural nature, but also provide excellent opportunities for passive play and picnic areas along
trail routes. Additionally, because the flood plains naturally meander into neighboring cities, pivotal
opportunities exist for the development of flood plain amenities that help to communicate the civic
character and high qual ity of life in Westlake. For all of these reasons, the Westlake flood plains
are recommended for primary and secondary trail system open spaces (see Figure 5). In so doing,
the inherent beauty and maximum benefit afforded by these existing features are protected and
enjoyed by the greatest number of residents, workers, and visitors.
Figure 4-Primary and Secondary Trails within the 100-Year Flood Plain
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 23
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CONCEPTUAL OPEN SPACE PLAN
MAR.CH8, 1999 FIGURES.
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__. HJKEIBIKB TRAIL
-----(SECONDARY) ,---, ...,_______ EQUES1RIAN TRAn..
··················•··········· EXISTING HIKPJBIKE
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UNDERPASS
CONCEPTUAL
OPEN SPACE PLAN
TOWN OF
WESTLAKE, TEXAS
EB
NORTH
NOSCAI.B
MAROI1999 -24
Town of Westlake
Greenway Connectors -The East-West Linkages
The Open Space System Master Plan includes east-west connector greenways to complete the
proposed tra il system (see Figure 5). In this way, the trail system can fulfill several functions:
to act as an efficient, looping, and inter-linking system for alternative transportation
throughout Westlake;
to provide all res idents safe and public access to the larger trai l system located
within the flood plains;
to protect unique and sensitive natural resources found outside the existing flood
plains ;
to provide safe hike/bike access to key neighborhood services for all residents;
to ensure greenspace allocation throughout the community;
to help maintain and enhance a sense of "small town interconnectedness" and
"mutual supporf' between residents .
Greenway connectors, with their linking hike and bicycle trails as delineated on the Master Plan,
follow existing and planned thoroughfare routes and/or drainage valleys. The inclusion of these
linear open spaces and trail is critical in developing a comprehensive trail network that encourages
safe, efficient, and pleasant alternate modes of transportation to work, school, and play. These
connecting trails provide off-street bike routes , rather than forcing the rider to the street where traffic
congestion may make bicycle use unsafe and/or inconvenient. Simil~rly, access to the Town's
primary recreation open spaces by way of these off-road greenways is made much safer and
pleasant for ch ildren, adults, and senior citizens .
Significant Natural Features
Another major component of the Open Space System is the inclusion of Westlake's significant
natural features. Along with the flood plain valleys discussed earlier, Westlake boasts many
irreplaceable features that are appropriately and strategically included along the public trail
systems. Among these features are the following natural elements :
• Existing ponds and lakes located along the linear drainage valleys . Ensuring that these
water features maintain attractive, natural edges and simple elements will help to enhance their
rural character and their appeal as visual and recreational amenities.
• Topographic high points that encompass spectacular views of Westlake and can be,
themselves, viewed from entry roadways into the Town. Protection of the inherent qualitie s of
these vista viewpoints not only provides a natural and recreational amenity rare to North Texas,
but also enhances the rural image envisioned of Westlake by residents and visitors.
Existing groves and individual specimens of mature oaks and other native trees, along
with their grassland settings, are invaluable and virtually irreplaceable representatives of the
rural quality of Westlake. Foreground as well as distant views of these majestic trees in a
wide, open prairie help to create the very identity of the Town. Particular measures must be
taken to ensure their health and continued longevity. Too, the health of younger, mid-sized
existing trees should be protected to ensure that a variety of native species develop and matu re,
and to minimize tree planting expenditures in attempts at tree replacement. This Open Space
Plan recognizes the inherent value of these landscape features by recommending that they be
identified, protected, and included in open space parcels. Especially significant specimens can
also be highlighted along trail systems with special signage and interpretive information to
provide tra il interest and educational opportunities. For detailed information and standards for
tree protection and planting , refer to the Westlake Tree Preservation Ordinance.
March , 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 25
Town of Westlake
Design Elements of the Open Space System
Hike and Bike Trails
The Westlake Comprehensive Plan recommends a fully-designed network of trails that creates a
recreational, relaxing, and functional pedestrian thoroughfare and bikeway for the Town of
Westlake . Such a well-planned system is needed in every community for convenient access to
recreationa l areas, services, parking, work centers, and other common public facilities . An
attractive, well-maintained trail network that promotes outdoor enjoyment, health and fitness,
community social interaction, and convenience is a sound investment in all town projects.
Several beneficial returns can be achieved through imaginatively and logically designed open
spaces and trail systems . This is particularly true when the system capitalizes upon existing tree
groves, natural drainage ways, and visually exciting topographic change and vistas. Even greater
value is added when these features contribute by bringing the community and neighborhoods
together and connecting them to community businesses and services. Valuable benefits include
flood control, reduced traffic and air pollution, improved community health, creation of strong and
supportive social networks, improved convenience to services and workplaces, economic growth ,
recreational and environmental enjoyment, a strengthened Town identity, and a Town image of
beauty and vitality.
The hike bike trails proposed by the Open Space Plan are designed to allow the greatest diversity
of people to move safely, independently, and unhindered through Westlake's open spaces. The
trail system design elements alsu are planned to provide a variety of outdoor experiences for
commuters and recreational users. Duri ng design of all trail types, several considerations have
been weighed to minimize short-term and long-term maintenance expenditures , while optimizing
security, safety , functional relationships, recreational enjoyment, and environmental concerns . In
addition to broad issues such as trail system funding sources, public access concerns, and
appropriate separation of uses, other considerations have included trail surface types, dimensions,
rest areas, gradients, lighting, and signage. Specific design standards regarding these issues are
found later in this document.
The trail systems of the Westlake Open Space Plan can be categorized by a hierarchy of trail types
of primary and secondary trails.
March , 1999
· Primary Trails
Primary trails meander through and generally follow the major drainage ways of flood
plains in the western section of the Town of Westlake {see Figure 5 -The Open Space
System Master Plan). One significant branch of the Primary Trial system also generally
follows the path of the Lake Turner Parkway as proposed by the CircleT PO App li cation.
According to the 1992 Comprehensive Plan and the recent Circle T Application, this region
of Westlake is recommended for office park reg ional retail , office and , office industrial
development. Additionally, flood plains in this area will have direct access from two
highways--State Highway 170 and Highway 114. T his greater access likely will facilitate
the use of open space at higher user densities than elsewhere in Westlake. Flood plains
in this region were chosen for primary trail development in order to embrace the existing
open spaces of rolling prairies and oak-lined valleys of Westlake . In so doing, these
valuable natural resources are preserved for efficient flood control and cost-effective
outdoor recreation spaces required for community health, vitality, and rural identity.
Moreover, open space dedication within these particular flood plain valleys will provide an
effective and beautiful buffer between potential commercial development and residential
neighborhoods, as well as along proposed major arterial roadways .
OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 26
Marc h, 1999
Town of Westlake
To safely accommodate greater densities of mixed use that are expected in this area of
Westlake, Primary Trails are designed as an 8-ft. wide pathway trail with an optio n to
expand the width to 12 ft. if the Town desires to seek federal fund ing. (No te: federal
funding ISTEA programs look more favorably on communities that meet minimum
recommended trail widths of 12ft. per ASHTO Standards) for hiking, bicycling, walking,
and jogging (see Figure 7 -Primary Trails). Located within the most expansive flood
plain property in Westlake, these trails potentially will have direct access to a wide variety
of passive and active recreational opportunities.
With planned commercial development nearby, Primary Trails can provide convenient
linkage to future work centers including office buildings, services, restaurants, and
entertainment establishments. The primary trail system, then, is also designed to efficiently
accommodate and promote biking and walking to work by commuters who live in Westlake,
as well as those who may travel from adjacent communities. To help maximize trail safety ,
grade separations between Primary Trails and roadways are recommended and identified
on the CircleT Application. This separation can be accomplished through integral planning
of future arterial streets and trails, whereby ground elevations are lowered to allow Primary
Trails to pass safely beneath road rights-of-way.
As with all trails proposed by this plan, Primary Trails and their open spaces are designed
to provide adequate and appropriate separation of uses where necessary. For instance,
effective use of elements such as topographic change, vegetation clustering , and location
of trail features provides residents living along the flood plain a separation from trail users,
recreation activities, and any nearby commercial development (see Figure 6 -Plant
Cl ustering for Privacy). These trail treatments, while providing privacy for homes and
businesses, can also allow desired views of trail areas that may boost property values and
recognition of commercial developments.
Figure 6 -Plant Clustering for Privacy
OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 27
r
l
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN
I, f5'
1 ~IK.e +BIKE
'TRAIL-
IZ' wj
F~bEM.~ fUNDING
e.
'a-1: .
Figure 7-Primary Trails
·Page 28
March , 1999
Town of Westlake
Secondary Trails
Like Primary Trails , Secondary Trails are located within 1 00-year flood plain valleys;
however, they are concentrated in the eastern region of Westlake , to serve the large areas
of future residential neighborhoods, with moderate development of retail and support
services . In western half of Westlake, a Secondary Trail is also proposed to provide
s ignificant linkag e from smaller neighborhood trails to the Primary System . With
Secondary Trails in place, most of Westlake will be provided access to the Town's Trai l
system . Moreover, the Secondary Trail System's preservation of significant flood plain
open space within the eastern portion of Westlake will provide additional flood control and
potential recreational property for a significant number of future Westlake citizens.
The Secondary Trail greenway corridors incorporate existing natural water features and
provide additional opportunities to preserve and protect the existing trees and prairies of
Westlake. Because Secondary Trails likely will serve future residential areas, they prov ide
excellent opportunities for moderate-scale, yet neighborhood-based park and open space
development, thereby, maximizing resident access to natural and recreational areas .
The eastern portion of Westlake likely will experience lower densities of proposed
commercial properties and few, if any, industrial developments . To effectively
accommodate both recreational users and commuters, while planning for lower densities,
Secondary Trails are eight feet wide. (See Figure 8-Secondary Trails).
OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 29
March, 1999
.-------,~~OA/C/l.ET?!! 1W-IL-
,---..,._-l!S;i6e 5Tt>'OILIZATION
OPEN SPACE PLAN
EHIJANCE.D f:.XISTlNG pONb
Figure 8-Secondary Trails
Page 30
Town of Westlake
Local Trails (Suggested Guideli nes)
While Local Trails may represent the smallest trail system units, and are not shown on the
Town's Open Space Plan, their potential impact is significant. Local Trails and sidewalks weave
through residential subdivisions, directly connecting neighbors with each other and with the key
services they need. These walkways specially designed and designated paths that connect to
the Town's trail system between residential lots and are critical to providing open space
opportunities for local mini-parks and shaded sitting areas . Local trails facilitate strong
neighborhood ties by providing and promoting direct opportunities for resident interaction,
neighborhood surveillance of trail use, and passive watching of trail activities from homes and
porches. This essential role of Local Trails helps to ensure a successful, equitable, and
comprehensive circulation and recreational network for all Westlake residents. Because the
location of these trails is dependent upon future layout of subdivision developments, exact
location of local trails cannot yet be determined; however, the general effect of their use
throughout Westlake neighborhoods is suggested in the "Access to the System" section of this
report.
Equestrian Trails
A system of e'luestrian trails is planned along the southern boundary of the town and in a north/south
link to Trophy Club Drive, to SH 114, and then westward to the underpass connecting northward into
Trophy Club. The development of the equestrian trail system responds to the following objectives:
1) To provide the most efficient and direct access to the equestrian trail from existing and proposed
arterial roadways ;
2) To accommodate space needs and access to a future equestrian center as desired by Westlake
residents;
3) To prov:de portal linkages to equestrian trails of adjacent communities allowing Westlake
residents access to their systems;
The equestrian trails will have a natural surface and be used as a separate facility primarily for horses,
mountain bicyclists, and hikers. Some might prefer the natural surface trail to be reserved exclusively
for horses . However, it is very difficult to enforce a single-use trail and trails are more likely to be
implemented when there is a larger user base. Equestrian trails are located along the southern edge
of town connecting a future equestrian center on the western end to existing large residential lots in the
eastern end of town. The trail also extends northward to S.H. 114 into Trophy Club and onward to Lake
Grapevine.
Horseback riders want the same experience as mountain bicyclists and h ikers. The experience includes
attractive scenery, safe and well-maintained trails, solitude of the individual or the group and safe parking
areas. Part of the horseback riding experience is the riding challenge. This challenge can be achieved
by a quick-reining, well-trained horse and a narrow serpentine trail. A quality trail ride does not have to
include galloping or running.
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 31
Town of Westlake
The following guidelines should be considered in designing an equestrian trail:
Ideal Locations. Equestrian trails should be located within natural clearings of open timber with l ight
understory brush and good scenic views. The trail should be buffered when adjacent to developed
edges, unsightly areas or incompatible uses. To prevent the trail from becoming an obstacle course, it
should stay clear of poorly-drained soils and should have fairly uniform grades. Access to water and
other support facilities should be available. The trail cou ld provide education as well as recreation by
incorporati ng an interpretive trail. (See Figure 9 -Ideal Locations.)
Figure 9 -Ideal Locations
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN P age 32
Town of Westlake
Trail Lengths. A horse generally travels at a speed of three to five miles per hour. A minimum of five
miles of trai l will give users an hour to an hour and a half riding experience . A rid e r survey suggested
that anything less than five miles was not worth the effort to make the ride .
Staging Area . Areas for trucks and trailers to park and unload should be provided using the following
guidelines: (See Figure 10 -Staging Area.)
To reduce the presence of horses among other park facilities , this area should be located near the
equestri an trail head .
The staging area should contain a sanctioned "overflow area" to accommodate groups of riders and
special events.
The staging area should have signs posted noting trail locations and regulations.
The parking a nd d riv e areas should be concrete. Any area on which the horses will stand should be
a soft material, e.g., gravel, bark.
"Back-in" parking spaces should be 35-feet deep with an additional ten feet behind each space
designated as a clear area to load and unload horses. Any items the horses might have to back over
should be avoided in the ten-foot clear area, e .g., wheel stops, curbs .
At the edge of the ten-foot clear zone, hitching posts can be provided to tie horses away from the
trailers and trees.
Figure 10-Staging Area
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 33
Town of Westlake
Overlooks and Rest Stops
Along all trail types throughout Westlake, areas should be developed for the trail user to:
1) Rest comfortably;
2} Experience scenic views and interesting features; and
3) Watch activities of other trail users.
Well-designed and quality constructed overlooks and rest stops should be incorporated throughout the
open space system of trails. In the case of local trails through neighborhoods, these elements may be
as simple as a shaded bench with views of a neighborhood minipark. Along other trail types, overlooks
and rest stops can take advantage of a wide va r iety of topography changes providing excellent vistas
and long distance views for the user. Along trail sections traversing steeper terrain, rest stops should
be located every one-quarter mile. Overlooks and rest stops also facilitate casual and impromptu social
interaction which aids in trail surveillance and reinforces the small town atmosphere of Westlake.
Figure 11 -Special Overlooks
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 34
Figure 12 -Spin-Off Trails
March, 1999
Town of Westlake
Special historical and visual points of interest along
the trail should have spin-off trails for pedestrians
and joggers. Cyclists should have parking for
bicycles. Spin-off trails should include appropriate
signage to discourage bicycle use on them. (See
Figure 12-Spin-Off Trails.)
OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 35
Key Trail Spots
Knoll overlooks, wetland areas, creek and lake-
side scenic areas are all examples of trail points of
interest to locate "Key Trail Spots". These points
should be integrated into the trail system. Trai l
maps and guides give users directions And clarifys
orie ntation to the open space system. (See
Figure 13-Trail Maps.)
Different design layouts, materials and forms can
be used in these areasdepending on their function
and location as approved by the Town. (See
Figure 11 -Special Overlooks.)
Town of Westlake
SeCnON
Figure 13-Trail Maps
Water Crossings
Single span bridges are a better solution than low water crossings. High maintenance costs and trail
closures are associated w ith low water cross in gs. The trail will have to be closed during periods of high
water and remain closed until the mud and branches are cleared away. The time needed for post-rain
cleanup will reduce the trail's availability. There is also a safety problem when frequently wet spots, like
low water crossings, develop a slippery, algae growth. As an alternative, trail bridges help mitigate these
problems .
Kiosks
Information bulletin boards or kiosks should be located near parking areas, water fountains, and
restrooms where people have a reason to stop. Locating them at the beginning or end of the trail and
adjacent to the parking areas are effective because people are stretch in~ or unloading bicycles. These
locations are also good for placin g the Trail Guidelines (which should be brief and clearly posted).
Informed trai l use rs are more likely to be courteous and behave safely on multi-use trails . (See Figure
14 -Kiosks.)
Figure 14-Kiosks
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 36
r
Town ofWestlake
Access to the System
This plan recommends several appropriate, safe opportunities and options for access to the
Westlake Open Space System.
Local Trails
Within each neighborhood unit , residents may easily access the system by nearby local trails .
Generally, access points should be located at even interval s along frontage of Local Trail corridors,
carefully considering street, alley, and circulation systems of the subdivision or development to help
provide safe and convenient access. Access to the Local Trail system may occur through corridors
between residential lots, along neighborhood streets and cui-de-sacs, and from key neighborhood
locations such as school playgrounds or miniparks (See Figures 15 and 16).
LOf ..
··· .. r
/:
L.f'----••J
Figure 15-Access Point at End of Cul-de-Sac
Figure 16-Access Point at
Interior Neighborhood Corridor
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 37
Town ofWestlake
Among the trails types proposed, only Local trails cross at grade with roadway intersections. To help
ensure safety, visibility, and trail identification, enhanced pavements, appropriate signage , and adequate
corridor widths should be utilized .
Access at Streets
Access to primary, secondary, and linking trails should be carefully coordinated with the Westlake
Thoroughfare Plan to ensure the integrity of the grade separated nature of the trail system, while allowing
free and easy access. Access to the trail system from the street system should occur at each point at
which the two systems intersect and be designed so as to be ADA accessible (See Figure 17). The
design standards section of this document offers recommendations for sensitively designed trail
underpasses that facilitate safety and visibility, as well as help maintain and enhance Westlake's rural
character.
--·--·
\
Figure 17-Access Point at Trail Underpass
Access at Commercial Areas
Access to trail systems may occur within or
near commercial retail and/or town services.
These connections provide essential open
space access for workers and customers , and
also allow efficient utilization of commercial
parking (during non-peak hours) for trail users.
Trail access to these facilities also encourages
trail use for walk/biking to work, shopping, and
family restaurant outings. Access points should
be readily visible for the trail user and for
drivers to help ensure safety arid trail
identification. Figures 18 and 19 delineate
general spatial arrangements for these access
points.
Figure 18 -Access Point at Commercial Entry
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 38
Town of Westlake
Figure 19-Trail Access Point through Comme.rcial Parking Areas
Access for Maintenance and Emergency Vehicles Access
Access to the trail system for maintenance and emergency vehicles shall be required at the locations
shown on the Open Space Plan (See Figure 5-Conceptual Open Space Plan). The access
pathways shall be constructed like the trail system-an 8' wide concrete paths (min. 6" thick) with
3' wide stabilized shoulders on each side and 12' wide concrete paths with one ( 1) 3' wide stabilized
shoulder. Both trails widths provide a minimum of fifteen feet (15') wide access widths connecting
public streets to the trails and shall be constructed at a maximum gradient of 5% and built to
minimize damage to existing trees and topography. If these access pathways exceed a 5% gradient,
then the shoulder surface shall be constructed with turfstone, grasscrete or a suitable paving
material to the Town, to prevent erosion and a non-skid paving surface on these accessways. ·If
grasscrete paths are used, their edges shall be identified with stained concrete 8" wide " ribbon
curb~" running the complete length of each side of the accessway.
Once maintenance and emergency vehicles reach the trail system, they will use these stabilized
shoulders of the trails through underpasses for general access to all areas of the Open Space
system.
Access into Private Open Space
As illustrated on the Open Space Plan and the Circle T Ranch PD Plan, there shall be a
minimum of one (1) access point to public hike/bike and equestrian trails from private open
spaces in all single family subdivisions.
March, 19 99 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 39
Town of Westlake
Signage and Lighting
Signage
Signage provides trail system users with information they need to use the facility . Trail system signs
should be carefully designed and appropriately installed. The design standards section of this plan
sets forth the criteria for signage including appropriate locations .
Lighting
Th e objective of outdoor lighting is to ensure the security of trail system users and permit safe,
normal activities within the open space system . However, the extent to which lighting is provided
within the open space system is perhaps best resolved on a case-by-case, segment-by-segment
basis. It is recommended that the Westlake open space system and the trail facilities within it not
be lighted as a whole. A trail system that operates from sunrise to sunset has a definite time of use
statute, which is easy to manage. It also becomes easier to prosecute any violators .
It is prudent, however, to provide lighting in certain portions of the trail system such as grade
separated crossings and at-grade crossings. Refer to the Design Standards section for criteria
related to lighting at these locations.
Properties Adjacent to the System
One of the major driving forces behind the development of this open space system is to use the natural
amenity of the open space as a positive force to enhance the value of adjacent properties . In order to
maximize this potential, properties adjacent to the system should not be "walled-off' from the open space
but, instead be integrated into it. It is recommended that rail fences be constructed where private
development interfaces with the public open space. This will allow open visibility, yet clearly define public
land from private property.
Appropriate sensitivity to topography during the trail system design can further reinforce the enhancement
of the open space relative to private development. Refer to the description of the primary trail
development earlier in this report.
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 40
Town ofWestlake
IMPLEMENTATION & MANAGEMENT
• DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM
• FUNDING
+ FEE ASSESSMENT
+ SALES TAX
+ BOND FUNDS
• MANAGEMENT OF THE SYSTEM
+ ADMINISTRATION
+ USER SAFETY AND RISK MANAGEMENT
+ MAINTENANCE AND MAINTENANCE FUNDING
+ PATROL AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
March , 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 41
Town of Westlake
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM
The Open Space Plan. In Westlake, the open space system will be designated in advance of
subd ivisions and development-just like a thoroughfare plan. In fact, the trail system forms part of the
Town's thoroughfare system (see Westlake Thoroughfare System Plan). This will enable all new
development to be designed in a manner which can respond to the system in the way the developer
wishes to.
For example, residential properties may back up directly onto the system as is done in the Woodlands
(a new town north of Houston), and in Greenway Park (at Mockingbird Lane and Inwood Road in Dallas ).
Alternately, the development could locate roadways between the residences and the open space and trail
system to provide a buffer, as was done in the Lakewood section of Dallas against White Rock Lake, and
along Turtle Creek in Highland Park.
The open space plan and trail system w ill be developed over time as private developers improve their land
consistent with the approved Westlake Comprehensive Plan and Open Space Plan .
FUNDING
Funding procedures for the open space system on the Circle T Ranch Developments and the Maverick
Development is described in detail in the Planned Development Ordinances for these developments.
Funding for the trail and open space system in the remainder of the Town could come from several
sources:
Fee Assessment. A parks and open space fee could be assessed on new development, based on the
number of residents and employees which could be attracted by the new development. These fees would
then be used to fund acquisition of the open space land and to construct the improvements . Currently,
several cities and towns in the area charge parkland fees, including Southlake, Keller, Colleyville, and
Grapevine.
%-Cent Sales Tax. State law currently allows cities whose citizens have approved the creation of a
special tax to levy that tax and earmark it for specific purposes, such as open space and related facility
improvements. Cities that have such mechanisms in place are Keller, North Richland Hills and Coppell.
Bond Funds. General Obligation (GO) bonds could aid in the implementation of those parts of the open
space and trail system that are a part of the thoroughfare plan yet to be developed by the private sector.
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 42
Town of Westlake
MANAGEMENT OF THE OPEN SPACE SYSTEM
The open space system and the trail facilities within it are long-term investments for the Town of
Westlake. With appropriate care they will last for many generations. But, in order to ensure appropriate
-care, sufficient thought must be given to the proper management of the system. There are several key
components to a successful open space management program:
Administration
User safety and risk management
Maintenance and maintenance funding
Patrol and emergency procedures
Stewardship and enhancement
Administration
This aspect concerns who will take care of the facility once it is in place-who will police it, maintain it,
protect it, and determine its future use. There are several options for administration of the Westlake open
space system-the Town, through the creation of a parks and recreation department; homeowners'
associations; public improvement districts; or an environmental trust.
The Town
The creation of a department within the Town of Westlake structure would be the most common
and conventional means of administering the open space system and its related facilities.
Maintenance work could be contracted out, but there would still be the necessity for some staff.
Associations
Increasingly, open space systems and trails are becoming a successful marketing component
in new residential and commercial development. Home buyers are showing their desire to live
near open space and trails. Homeowner and business associations are frequently created to
undertake maintenance responsibilities for common areas in a neighborhood district. Such
associations could provide a funding contribution to a central maintenance fund based on the
number of residences in the subdivision, or business square footage in a commercial project.
Public Improvements Districts
Public Improvement Districts are common vehicles for providing management, maintenance, and
improvements. This can be created by the municipality and can provide staffing, construction,
maintenance, management, and policing of special areas. This mechanism is used in both Fort
Worth and Dallas to fund operations and management of special districts.
Environmental Trusts
Environmental trusts are set up as corporations and can hold ownership of land. They usually
have a board of directors which includes locals and specialists in planning and/or environment.
They are also able to utilize private sources of funding for its operations.
No matter which organizational structure is ultimately chosen, it is important that the system be
uniformly and consistently managed and maintained, which argues for a singular organization like
a trust, singular improvement district, or the Town to oversee construction, maintenance and
operation of the open space system over the long term.
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 43
Town of Westlake
User Safety and Risk Management
The design standards section of this plan sets forth crite r ia that, if followed, will help to ensure that the
open space system and trail facilities are developed to the highest standards. As part of the
administration and management of the trail system, a safety program should be developed that includes
at a minimum:
A safety coordinator
A safety manual
User ru les and regulations
Emergency procedures
A safety checklist that describes the most common safety concerns within the open space system .
A mechanism for obtaining user feedback
A system for accident reporting
A regular maintenance and inspection program
Site and facility development and review
Employee training program
Security programs that address hours of operation, restrictions of use, etc. will need to be formulated and
addressed.
Although accidents in open space systems are rare, the liability issues associated with any accidents must
be recognized and addressed .. Regardless of how well a trail system has been designed, there will
always be some risk associated with its use. Three things can be done to prepare for any liability
exposure:
Have a well thought out maintenance and risk management program that reduces the likelihood of
negligence.
Acquire an adequate liability insurance policy that covers all aspects of the open space system.
Make sure that the Town is aware of recreational-use statutes laws and recent case histories in the
North Texas area.
Maintenance and Maintenance Funding
There will basically be two kinds of maintenance activities associated with the open space and trail system
-routine and remedial. Routine maintenance includes the normal activities such as weed control , tree
trimming, inspection, cleaning, trash collection, and other regularly scheduled activities. It also includes
minor repairs and replacements such as repairing a broken sign post or repainting a railing. Remedial
maintenance means correcting problems within the system that have arisen or restoring major
components. These components include those that may have been destroyed or damaged or have
deteriorated, such as bridge replacement due to a flood. Ideally, remedial maintenance items should be
part of a long-term capital improvements plan.
Maintenance Within the Floodplain
Floodplain-oriented open space systems will require periodic removal of debris and trash, litter
collection, erosion control and repair, maintenance of any bridges or flood control structures.
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 44
Town of Westlake
Trail Maintenance
Trail maintenance within the open space system should include sweeping and repai r of m ino r
washouts and other damage. Bridges, signs , railings, and other structures s hould be kept in
good repair. Overhead vegetation should be trimmed regularly . Shoulders adjacent to the pa ve d
trail should be mowed regu larly , which will help the trail be more inviting .
Vandalism Control
While vandalism and graffiti are not major problems with facilities such as these, it is helpful to
have a strategy identified to deal with the problems should they occur. The key to vandalism and
graffiti control is quick cleanup and repair. Rapid cleanup dramatically reduces the likelihood that
the problem will reappear.
Vegetation Management
Since the goal of the Westlake open space system is to provide a natural environment of nativ e
North Texas vegetation, management of this environment will consist of selected weed removal,
selective understory clearing to maintain good lines of sight, user surveillance and escape routes .
Articulated mowing adjacent to the trail will create interesting forms of native grass areas
contrasted against the understory of the adjacent vegetation.
Maintenance Schedule
A well-conceived main tenance schedule should be formulated and followed carefully . This
schedule should include:
List of specific maintenance activities
Frequency of each activi~
Cost per application of each activity
Annual cost of each activity
Who will perform the activity
The maintenance program should also include a public monitoring program, which allows for
citi zens to report maintenance problems and receive feedback.
Maintenance funding will depend on the form of administration of the open space system that is
ultimately chosen . If management of the system is ultimately through the direction of a parks
department of the Town of Westlake, maintenance funding will come from a line item in the
operating budget. If a land or environmental trust is associated with management of the system,
the trust should request endowments with each acquisition to cover anticipated mainte nance
activities. Special assessment districts would include maintenance costs as part of the amount
assessed to each p roperty owner.
Pa t rol and Emergen c y Pr oced ur es
Part of the management plan will be to develop a prog ram of patrols of both the open space syste m and
the trail facilities. Patrols can be handled by local police or by seasonal personnel who advise and assist
by travelling on foot or by bicycle with a two-way radio.
Emergency plans should be prepared in cooperation with police, fire and medical personnel. These plans
will define points of access , safe and effective routes for emergency vehicle travel , etc. These plans
should be posed at entrances to the open space system so that users will have access to essential
telephone numbers and other c ritical information .
The design standards section of th is plan calls for primary and secondary trai l widths that will
accommodate emergency equipment and loading criteria for bridges that will support the w eight of that
equipment.
March , 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 45
Town of Westlake
THE OPEN SPACE SYSTEM STANDARDS
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 46
Town of Westlake
THE OPEN SPACE SYSTEM STANDARDS
• Hike and Bike Trail Standards
0 Trail Width and Structure 0 Obstacle-Free Area
0 Trail Curves 0 Lighting
0 Trail Marking 0 Railings
0 Slopes 0 Signage
0 Drainage 0 Street Crossings
0 Water Fountains
• Equestrian Trail Standards
o Design Standards o Drainage
o Road Crossings o Bridges
o Fords 0 Turnpikes
o Signage
• Trail Maintenance
o Mowing Native Grasses
o General Tree Pruning
o General Lighting
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 47
Town of Westlake
HIKE AND BIKE TRAIL STANDARDS
This section of the report documents construction guidelines and issues to consider related to the
implementation of the trail system. The issues discussed here and the recommendations presented
should be reviewed carefully as each specific project is designed and constructed so that a safe, well
constructed facility is achieved. It should be noted that if the town desires to seek federal funding for any
implementation projects, their projects are more favorably received if they follow AASHTO Guidelines.
The American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials
(MSHTO) has published nationally
accepted standards for the design and
construction of trails. With a few
modifications, the city should follow
these design standards. As with any
set of design standards, there will be
cases where they cannot be met. In
such cases, design exceptions will be
necessary in order to implement the
plan. Signing is typically used to notify
trail users where these exceptions are
located. (See Figure 20
Development Guidelines.)
Trail Width and Structure
Guide for the Development
of Bicycle Facilities
Pnputd b7 the
AASHTO Tuk Fota
on Ctomctrlc D<slp
Pubtlsbtd brlh•
Am..tan AssOdatloa ot State
HJchwa7and Truuportatloa Ofllclab
Figure 20 -Development Guidelines
The primary hike and bike trails shall consist of concrete paving or an approved material by the town, with
a minimum of 8 feet in width. Twelve (12) feet widths are required if federal funding is desired by the
town . Three (3) foot grass shoulders shall be constructed on one or both sides of the concrete paving.
Secondary trails shall be constructed of concrete, or an approved material, by the Town and be a
minimum of eight (8) feet in width and also have three (3) foot grass shoulders. The trail thickness for
Primary, and Secondary trails shall be six (6) inches of reinforced concrete with a non-skid broom and
rock-salt finish . Materials other than concrete may be considered by the Town to allow design flexibility
and value engineering where the Town deems appropriate. If constructed with concrete, they shall be
stained with two coats of Scofield Lithachrome stain, giving the trail a light black/walnut mottled color that
helps to minimize reflection off the surface and helps to designate trail routes. The concrete shall be
placed on a compacted stabilized base, which will extend into the grass shoulders on either side. The
three-(3) foot wide shoulders of the trail are primarily for joggers and to ensure proper sight distances to
help avoid crashes. The shoulders also serve as a space for bicyclists to use when they are avoiding an
accident. The shoulders shall be flush with the trail to help eliminate user safety hazards. The shoulders
are mowed to keep them in a useful state. (See Figure 21 -Hike and Bike Trails.) To provide interest,
the expansion and control joint system shall be a random, joint pattern. (See Figure 22-Expansion and
Control Joints.)
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 48
Town of Westlake
Figure 21 -Hike and Bike Trails
Figure 22-Expansion and Control Joints
Where the trails run parallel with a linear obstacle, such as a street or drainage ditch, a minimum
separation of five (5) feet shall be placed between the trail's hard edge and the obstacle. All underpasses
and bridges shall have a full trail width including space for shoulders, where existing conditions
permitting.
Warning devices must be used where the combined trail and shoulder cannot be full width. Reference
the MUTCD (Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices) for signage to use where these exceptions
occur.
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 49
Town of Westlake
Trail Curves
To help ensure that the trail system is visually pleasing, accessible to all users, safe, and without abrupt
turns, curves shall be designed with wide and gentle radii. Wide, sweeping curves also allow greater
visibility and user security by increasing sight distances along trails. Such design also helps to ensure
that overly steep slopes and other maneuvering difficulties are avoided, thus improving accessibility for
wheelchair users, parents with strollers, older citizens, and bicyclists. In creating a trail system with such
gentle curves, design standards based on bicycle design speeds are commonly followed. While very few
cyclists can ride at a speed more than 20 mph, a trail that is laid out for a design speed of 25 mph will
establish even wider curves, greater sight lines, and reduced slopes. The following information sets forth
the minimum standards for curve radii, vertical curves (hills}, lateral clearances on horizontal curves, and
stopping sight distances.
Minimum Curve Radii. The minimum design radius of curvature can be established by the following
formula:
R=
15 (e+f)
where: R = Minimum radius of curvature (feet)
V = Design Speed (mph)
e = Rate of super elevation (cross slope)
f = Coefficient of friction (from AASHTO)
Designing for a speed of 25 mph at a cross slope of 2%:
R = 252 = 625 = 625 = 155ft. min. radius
15(.02 + 0.25)
Vertical Curves.
A path shall be designed with
adequate stopping sight
distances in mind. The chart
from AASHTO shows the
minimum length of vertical
curve necessary to provide
m1mmum stopping sight
distance at various speeds on
the crests of vertical curves
(e.g. hills). (See Figure 23 -
Minimum Length of Vertical
Curves).
Figure 23 -Minimum
Length of Vertical
Curves
March, 1999
..
d
c. ...
0 c
0
..J
15(.27)
500
4 .05
L • 25 _ 2001.1 n 1 .. .rn2 ,-
A When S>L
A S~ L : --~~~-=--z-llhen S<L
roo 1 " 2n1 .. " 2h2 1
LwaN • 2V
S • Stooplno SIQht Oletonce lftJ
A • AIQebl"olc 011'1'el"ence In Cl"ode
h 1 = Eye HeiQht of Bicyclist 14.5 Foeti
hz• HeiQht of ObJect 10 Feetl
L : l.llnlmum Ve.-tlcol Cu.-ve Lenl)th lft.l
~ .' 300 ~------iL--
'-'
15 u ;::
L
0 > 200
0 ~--~~--~----~-----~-----~---
.0 5 10 15 20 25
AIQeb.-olc Olfter-ence In C...ode IAI
OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 50
Town ofWestlake
Lateral Clearances.
Figure 24-Minimal Lateral Clearance on Horizontal Curves is from the 1991 AASHTO Bicycle
Guidelines. Either the formula or the graph can be used to obtain the lateral clearance needed to
maintain the desired sight distance in a hor izontal curve .
SIQht dl~tonce l$1 meo~ured olon9 thl:s line . • S = SIQht dl$tonce In feet.
•• R : Rodlu~ of It ln~lde lone In feet .
March, 1999
~
u u ...
!
~ -~ s
1..
~ ..
8
0
~
u
~
~ u u
0 I. • 0
-'
Line of ~IQht Is 2.0' above It Inside
lone ot poin t of o b~tructlon.
40
~
30
20
10
s
0 100
SIQnt 01 stone•
1 .m = Ol~tonce from It Inside lone In foot.
V = Desi Qn speed for S In mph
Angle Is expre~~ed In deQr&e~
• m :A [ars ( 2~·:ss) J
S 2 __:_!!___ ~COS -1 c ·R-m )Q • 28.65 --
.R
Formula OOPII&I' onl y when S Is
eauol to or less thon lenQth of cur-ve.
200 300
($) -F•et-,..
I Uotrlc Conversion• I Ft. • o. 3 11\, l
• Loterol cleoroncee on horltontot ~rves lihoi.Ad be cok::uklted bo~ed on the
:sum of the stopplnQ siQht dis-tances for bicyclists travellln9 In opposite
directions around The cur-vo. See text for oddltlonol dl~cu~slon.
Figure 24 -Minimum Lateral Clearances on Horizontal Curves
(From 1991 AASHTO Bicycle Guidelines)
OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 51
20
~ 15
0
~ ~~~~~~~--~--~-7~----~---r--~~
0
L u
~lnlmum StooolnQ Olstonce -Ft.
y2
S • -J<l-1 f-t-Cl-+ 3.6 7 v
Wherea S : Ulnlmum Sl<;~l"lt OlstCT~ce.l't.
v· = velocity, moh
Oocend 1-0 ----
Ascend I+Cl----
f : Coefficient of Friction luse 0.251
C • Crode Ft./Ft. lrlsetrunl
Solid = Descending Dash = Ascending
Figure 25-Minimum Stopping Sight Distances
Town of Westlake
Stopping Sight Distances. Based on
slope and speed , Figure 25 -Minimum
Stopping Sight Distances gives the
m1n1mum standard stopping sight
distances. The graph ind icates ascending
as well as descend ing minimum stopping
distances.
Bicyclists have a tendency to ride near the
center of the path as well as side-by-side.
Because of these reasons and
seriousness of head -on collisions, lateral
clearances on horizontal curves shall be
calculated as the sum of the stopping
distance for bicyclists travel ing in both
directions. If this is not possible, then a
combination of alternatives can be used,
for examp le, widening the path through
the curve, placement of warning signs, or
installing a yellow solid center stripe.
Trail Marking for Primary Trails (12' Trail Widths Only}
There are several ways to mark the hike and
bike trail. A solid stripe shall be used to indicate
a no-passing zone on steep hills, intersections
and tight curves. A dashed yellow stripe down
the center shall indicate 2-way traffic. The paint
used in marking the trail shall be non-skid and
reflective for night-time riding visibility. A
standard used by the Texas Department of
Transportation is glass beads sprinkled on wet
paint as it is applied. This makes the paint
reflective and gives it a sandpaper-like non-slip
surface. White stripes at the edges of the trail
are not recommended because they have a
tendency to visually narrow the usable trail
space. Reflectorized tiles are also not
recommended due to the fact that they create a
hazard by acting as miniature speed bumps and
are slippery when wet. (See Figure 26 -Trail
Markings)
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN
1\----t-:'--~--:k:)l./0 PII/NT ST/f.IP~
r
·.
INDICATES A Nt> l'lfS$/N:sft
~m~.
~+.. -T/lllfiL e!Dt:;E
Figure 26-Trail Markings
Page 52
r Town of Westlake
Slopes
Trails shall have a cross-slope of 2 percent. Greater cross-slopes make it difficult for bicyclists and wheel
chair users to maneuver on the trail. Smaller cross-slopes hinder trail drainage (See Figure 27-Trail
Slopes.)
The longitudinal slope on a
trail shall not be greater than
5 percent, especially on lo ng
inclines. When a higher
design speed is used and
additional trail width is
provided, grades greater than
5 percent and running less
than 500 feet are acceptable.
Slopes greater than 5
percent are undesirable
because the ascents are
difficult to climb (causing
some bicyclists to wobble left
and right) and the descents
cause some bicyclists to
exceed the speed they are
capable of handling.
Drainage
Figure 27 -Trail Slopes
To minimize storm water run-off from flowing across the trail, drainage swales can be placed on the higher
side. Swales are used where the sheet flow drainage across the trail surface might be great enough to
increase trail maintenance. Using swales in this situation will also require culverts that are designed to
handle the water flow, are safe (relative to the trail users), and have low maintenance.
Water fountains, faucets, and
other water sources shall be
located on the downh ill side
of the trail. (See Figure 28 -
Trail Drainage.) Placing
these water sources on the
downhill side of the trail will
help eliminate water flow
across the trail which could
create a slipping hazard.
The hazard develops in the
case where uphill drains
become blocked and a
regular water overflow results
in a wet trail surface. A
constantly wet trail surface is·
conducive to algae growth.
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN
it> OM IJJ ...
Figure 28 -Trail Drainage
Page 53
Water Fountains
Water founta ins shall occur at one mile
intervals in public parks and open spaces .
The water fo untains shall be freeze-proof
with a top spigot and a lower faucet for water
bottles and animals. The lower faucet needs
to be spring-loaded to ensure that it shuts off
after use. (See Figure 29 -Water
Fountains.)
Figure 29-Water Fountains
Obstacle-Free Area
Town of Westlake
To provide a safer trail, an obstacle-free area shall be maintained. This zone shall have no signs , trees
or light fixtures located within it. (See Figure 30-Obstacle-Free Area.) Any existing cond iti on, e.g ., an
overpass, within the 10-foot vertical clear space must be signed as to its height.
Typically, in any place where people will gather, e.g., park ing lots , trai! maps, bike parking areas , w ate r
fountains, must be set back from the trail.
1s· -o• r; ct.e-l'tte Ull!!.
( /N(J.VO$ ~QtS lfl./0 T,QIL..)
Figure 30 -Obstacle-Free Area
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 54
Town of Westlake
Lighting
Complete lighting of the trail is not required, but must be provided in certain areas for safety reasons.
When used, the horizontal illumination levels should maintain an average of one (1) foot-candle at ground
leve, and shall distribute not more than two-tenths (0.2) of one foot-candle of light upon any adjacent
residential property. All lighting facilities shall be so arranged as to reflect the illumination away from any
adjacent property. All lighting facilities shall be placed, masked or otherwise arranged such that
illumination or glare shall not intrude on residential property or create a hazard to motorists on any street.
Where special security concerns exist, e.g., tunnels, underpasses, lighting at a higher illumination is
required. Where Trails cross streets and thoroughfares, crossings must be illuminated if these areas are
not sufficiently illuminated by street lighting systems. (See Figure 31 -Lighting.)
Railings
Railings for bridges, steep drop-offs,
and separation from thoroughfare
traffic shall be a minimum of 4.5 feet in
height and have a smooth "rub rail"
attached to it. The rub rail shall be of
2-inch x 6-inch rectangular tubing ( 12-
gauge steel) or similar material, placed
so the railing's center is 3.5 feet above
the surface. The 6-inch rub ra iling
vertical dimension is a minimum.
Chain-link fencing is not. Allowed. (See
Figure 32 -Rub Rail.)
March, 1999
.. : . · .. · :. : .· .. · .: . ·' .. · ...
Figure 31 -Lighting
( lf/K.C I Dille 77<:At t...
SFigure 32 -Rub Rail
OPEN SPACE PLAN
GVMD 1?:/t/t-
!{lJtJ /(/{fJ_ (~)
Page 55
[
Town of\Vestlake
Signage
Adequate signage is important on hike, bike and equestrian trails to indicate to trail users directional
information for wayfinding to features such as particular trail routes, open space facilities, view overlooks,
recreational features, parking, and nearby neighborhood centers. Signage is also critical in
communicating appropriate regulatory messag es and warnings of potential conflicts in areas such as trail
intersections . Signage can be sensitively and attractively designed to provide a unifying, maintainable
element throughout the open space system and should relate to adjacent architectural styles and colors.
Signage colors, symbols, wording and quality of materials can greatly influence how successful the
signage system is in conveying the desired information . The following signage information is intended
to describe th e requi red messages and information regarding open space areas . Exact size and shape
of sign blade, type and height of pole, and materials to be used are issues to be determined. There are
five basic types of sign groups:
warning
directional markers
information signs
regulatory signs
identification markers
Warning Signs. These signs alert trail users of safety concerns such as abrupt changes in slope that
may be necessary, approaching intersections of trail routes, or upcoming trail bridges . (See Figure 33
-Warning Signs.)
Directional Markers. Directional markers use arrows or wording to indicate which direction to travel.
These signs are important when multiple trails come together. (See Figure 34-Directional Signs.)
Figure 33-Warning Signs
March, 1999
f(.
EQUESTRIAN
TRAJL
Figure 34-Directional Signs
OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 56
{
Information Signs. These signs
can be in any form or style and
typically provide the trail user with
useful or important information.
(See Figure 35 -Information
Signs.)
Town of Westlake
Town of WESTLAKE
Equestrian Trail
Length: 4.4 Miles
STAY ON TRAIL
Figure 35 -Information Signs
Regulatory Signs. These signs are usually white and
rectangular with black lettering. Regulatory signs give
instructions on trail use and etiquette. (See Figure 36 -
Regulatory Signs.)
SLOW_!:, A
TFV\F_FIC
K~E;P
RIGHT
OVERLOOK
Town of
WESTLAKE
Hike and Bike
Trail System +
Figure 37 -Identification Markers
TWO··
WAY-
·-.RAFF
Figure 36-Regulatory Signs
Identification Markers. These signs identify trails
and streets that cross the trails. All intersections
and street crossings shall have a sign identifying
the street for trail users and a sign identifying the
trail for road users. Overhead name blades shall
be located on underpasses and shall include the
street name and b lock number. Trail maps and
the name of the trail shall be located at the
beginning and end of each trail. Mile markers
shall be located every 0.25 miles. The
identification markers are important to trail users ,
maintenance forces, police , and emergency
personnel. (See Figure 37 -Identification
Markers.)
March , 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 57
Mow Pads
To help minimize trimming during the/
mowing season, mow pads shall be
placed around all signage, furnitu re and
water fountains. The pads shall be
designed so that a tractor can easily
mow around these objects without hitting
them. mow pads shall be poured-in-
place, reinforced concrete with a broom
or non-skid finish and stained to match
the trail finish. (See Figure 38 -Mow
Pads.)
MtJW FAO
Town of Westlake
6"
{Mill.)
Figure 38 -Mow Pads
Street Crossings and Trail Underpasses
Where primary and secondary trails cross existing and proposed streets and thoroughfares, the crossing
shall be a grade separated crossing with the trail beneath the road. Because site conditions and desired
level of construction may vary, the exact configuration at each trail underpass should be evaluated
individually . The use of sound concepts of value engineering and consultation with Town staff will help
to ensure appropriate construction. Where possible, howev~r. the following guidelines should be met.
The trail underpass opening and/or tunnel roof shall be in an "arched form" as viewed from entering the
trail tunnel. And shall be constructed with trail clearance openings of 12 feet high x 22 feet wide on
Primary trails, and 10 feet high x 20 feet on Secondary trails. Verify with local fire, emergency and
maintenance agencies the exact size of their vehicles so that these underpass openings will allow proper
clearance access through them and along the trail surface and shoulders. The trail underpass roadway
vertical walls shall be constructed and faced in natural stone, parallel with the thoroughfare right of way,
with a maximum 3:1 side slopes to minimize erosion and so that these sloped areas can be grassed and
properly maintained. Other design alternatives could contain a tiered stone planter system, stepping
down from the end of the bridge trail down to the trail below. The underpass shall be illuminated at a
higher foot-candle level than the streets. A light well shall be constructed in the street median to provide
additional natural light into the underpass below. An emergency and mainte11ance vehicular ramp is
required at certain underpass locations. (See Maintenance and Emergency Vehicle Access)
At a minimum, one ( 1) pedestrian access ramp or ramp/step combination shall be provided from the street
level to the trail below. Proper protective rails shall be constructed the full length of the underpass walls
at the street level. Tunnel wall cladding and exposed underpass walls and roof materials shall be
constructed of either a metal, multi-plated arched material or precast concrete arched materials . If the
metal, multi-plated arch system is used, it shall be supported at its base with a concrete stem wall running
the complete length of the tunnel on each side. This stem wall should be designed to keep the arched
metal out of the higher storm level flow in the tunnel. The underpass trail shall be set above the
underpass drainage swale(s) so that it will remain out of low storm interval flooding. The underpass
opening shall be constructed to handle 100 year floods through the existing or proposed drainageways.
The trial shall also be constructed to positively drain to the underpass openings or to drain inlets as
required. (See Figure 39 -Grade Separated Crossing and Figure 40 -Trail Underpass, and Open
Space Plan for designated crossings.)
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 58
Town of Westlake
Figure 39 -Grade Separated Crossing
Figure 40 -Trail Underpass
Sight Triangles
It is important to eliminate blind spots at intersections where multi-use paths intersect with streets. Clear
zone sight line triangles must be defined to eliminate blind spots . Landscape improvements designed
within this zone must be below 2.5 feet and above 9 feet in height to provide unobstructed cross-visibility.
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 59
Town of Westlake
EQUESTRIAN TRAIL STANDARDS
The following are standards for eq uestrian trail design and construction: (See Figure 41 -Trail Design
Standards.)
Trails should allow for single-file riding along a narrow, winding path . In some locations, riders may
need to rein their horses closely to remain on the path. This will mean an 18-to 30-inch tread in the
ce nter of a 20-foot wide obstacle-free, cleared area. (The tread is the vegetation-free area where
horse hooves compact the natural surface.)
Maintenance probl ems can be caused from erosion along steep grades. To help reduce these
maintenance costs, trails should follow contours using wide level turning areas and switchbacks rather
than descents directly down the slope.
Eight percent to ten percent is the maximum grade that can be sustained for trail maneuverability .
Slopes of 15 percent to 20 percent can be used if the linear distances are 150 feet or less .
Acceptable side slopes are ten percent or less.
When the trail has to cross roads, railroads, and utility rights-of-way, care needs to be taken in lo cating
them to provide safe and quick crossings.
At a minimum, water should be provided at these staging areas .
Like the hike and bike trail, equestrian trails should provide a clear zone. The zone needs to be at
least ten feet vertically and 20-feet wide. Clear and grub trails flush or below grade. Prune trees and
understory plantings so that nothing projects out to stab or injure the horse or rider or damage the
riding gear. All pruned branches and brush should be removed to prevent piles from formi ng .
Trails should be located on well drained soils since use of a soggy or wet trails will damage them.
Sandy soils will require considerable compaction during construction and should generally be avoided .
Good soil usually contains high amounts of rocks , clays and organic materials .
Figure 41 -Trail Design Standards
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 60
Town of Westlake
Road Crossings. Road crossings should be handled by grade separated underpasses and should be
reserved for equestrians only and not shared with pedestrians and bicycles.
Sign age at a scale appropriate for horse trails should be used 50 to 100 feet prior to the underpass .
Rev iew the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) for signage at an appropriate scale for
horse trails.
Fords. Fords are natural creek areas where water depth is shallow enough to allow horseback riders to
cross the creek. Where practical, fords should be used instead of bridges to cross the creek . Because
fords are not appropriate for hikers and cyclists, a pedestrian bridge should be constructed near th e fords
to serve the hiking and biking users. Signage directing each user to the bridge or ford may be helpful.
(See Figure 42 -Fords.)
A creek with a firm bottom and a normal water flow of three feet or less would be an ideal location for
a ford. Where the approach is steep, the creek bottom shou ld be gravel.
A natural site can be reinforced by placing boulders downstream of the ford. Put a small amount of
heavy gravel below the boulders to help reinforce the stream bottom. Placing these boulders
downstream will encourage natural sedimentation and a smooth crossing point.
Gravel brought in should be of the same character as the existing natural gravel. If too much gravel
builds up, shift the boulders downstream to allow the gravel to move and provide a more firm footing
for the horses.
DO(JI}/ ST,RI;A/'1
Figure 42 -Fords
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 61
Town of Westlake
Signage. There are three basic types of equestrian trail signage: Trail markings or blazing signs.
information signs along the trail, and trail head signs.
Trail Markings. Trail markers
are reminders to help the
riders use the correct trail and
reinforce confidence in the
trail. Markers need to be
continuous, even when the
trail is following a road or other
trail. The sign should have the
letter "H" painted on it. The
"H" should be four inches tall
by three inches wide with each
letter stroke being one inch
thick. These signs should be
placed between seven and
eight feet above the ground on
trees and/or poles, at intervals
of no more than 300 feet.
(See Figure 43 -Trail
Markings.)
Information Signs. These signs
should be placed within the first 450
feet of the trail. Specific trail names,
length of the trail, and regulations
concerning trail use are included on
information signs . Placing these
signs at the beginning of the trail
allows the users to plan their ride
and to gather and review any pre-
ride preparation. (See Figure 44-
lnformation Sign.)
March, 1999
Figure 43 -Trail Markings
Town of WESTLAKE
Equestrian Trail
Length: 4.4 Miles
STAY ON TRAIL
Figure 44 -Information Sign
OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 62
Trail Head Signs. These signs should be
placed at the trail's beginning and ending points
and should be clearly visible from the parking
area. (See Figure 45 -Trail Head.)
Town of Westlake
Town of WESTLAKE
··:·:·:·:·:·:·=·=·=···:··=·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:··=·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:-::::
Figure 45 -Trail Head
Drainage. Water should not be allowed to stand or flow in streams across the trail. Ideally, it should flow
across the trail in sheets. There are several ways to remove water from the trail. These include:
outslopes , culverts, and French drains.
Outslope all hillside trails . Suggested outslope for the tread is one inch for an 18-inch wide tread and
two inches for a 30-inch wide tread. (The tread is the horse-hoof compacted, vegetation-free area in
the center of the five-feet wide, obstacle-free clear zone.)
Draining the trail surface can effectively be done with culverts and French drains. Initially, these two
types of drainage systems cost more, but they rarely require major maintenance.
Culverts are used to drain small streams,
swales , and low places under the trail.
Culverts come in a variety of materials.
To assure proper performance, the
culverts need to be sloped a minimum of
two percent. (See Figure 46 -Culverts.)
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN
Figure 46-Culverts
Page 63
French drains collect water from the surface of
the trail. Initially time-consuming to build, French
drains are practically maintenance-free. A
French drain is made up of a slotted piece of
pipe, gravel, and filter fabric. The trail surface
goes right over the drain and water filters down
through to the drain. {See Figure 47 -French
Drain.)
Figure 47-French Drain
The infiltration characteristics of a soil
depends on the type or density of the soil
and the slope of the surface. These two
characteristics determine how often
water needs to be diverted from the trail
so it will remain maintenance-free. {See
Figure 48 -Soil and Grade Versus
Drainage Frequency.)
Figure 48 -Soil and Grade Versus
Drainage Frequency
Town of Westlake
350' 500' • •• • * 4% 150' 350' 500' • • * 6% 100' 200' 300' 750' BOO' * 8% 75' 150' 200' soo·· 600' * 10% SO' 100' 150' 350' 400' * 12% * so· 100' 250' 300' * 15% * * 75' 150' 250' *
-l!:· G rade varies with local amounts of fine clay
and slit. Drainage diversions are generally not
required on "pure• sand due to the fast rate of
water absorption. For sand with appreciable
amounts of fine binder material, use
"clay-sand" distances as shown above.
* Grades not recommended In this material.
• Generally no diversion required for soil
· stability.
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 64
Town of Westlake
Bridges. When bridges are necessary as part of an equestrian trail , they should be designed to heavier
load requirements than bridges for pedestrian and bicycle use .
Bridges should be placed perpendicular to the creek. Appropriate structural consideration should be given
to bridge piers and abutments. Hydraulic characteristics of the creek shou ld be considered in determining
the bridge height or clearance from the wate r line. This generally is determined at 1 or 2 feet above the
1 00-year flood elevation .
Turnpikes. In lower lying areas where seasonal ·
standing water would produce poor trail
conditions, turnpikes can be used . (See Figure
49 and 50 -Equestrian Turnpike.)
• A T urnpike is a raised trail confined
within a log crib. Drainage is provided by
swales on both sides of the trail. The
raised trail has a compacted gravel base
that is above the water line. The gravel
is covered with fill material from the
adjacent ditches and compacted .
•
•
•
The route selected for a turnpike shou;'d
be the one that produces the minimum
impact. A trail route that skirts the low
lying area is better than one th at crosses
the center.
Figure 49-Equestrian Turnpike
Culverts should be placed
periodically beneath the
turnpike to equalize water
on both sides, and prevent
the trail from creating a
drainage problem.
After the turnpike is
complete, seed and fertilize
the disturbed areas wi thi n
the swales.
Figure 50-
Equestrian Turnpike
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN
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Page 65
Town of Westlake
TRAIL MAINTENANCE
The general care and maintenance of the Open Space system is a vita l factor in not only protecting the
Town's initial investment in infrastructure, but is key in maintaining the quality standards of the
community. The Owners of the land adjacent to the Open Space system shall maintain this open space
area until it is dedicated to the Town. Some of the main areas of maintenance are:
Mowing native grasses -Part of the scenic qualities of these greenways are the ro lling plains of Buffalo
Grass, Coastal Bermuda and large stands of wildflowers. Wildflowers are at their height of blooming
during the months of March to early August. Mowing periods prior to this are critical in the annual
reseeding of wildflowers in order to continually expand the colorful coverage of this native plant.
General mowing of the Open Space areas should occur several times a season, particularly in late
August or early September at the end of wildflower season. Intermediate mowing procedures should
occur along the edges of trails, parking areas and rest areas. These mowing bands should generally
cover 50' on each side of Primary Trails and 20' on each side of Secondary trails. These mowing
bands should vary in width and more importantly follow along the existing contours of the land rather
than cutting across severe angles producing man-made mowing patterns in the natural grassland.
General tree pruning -Existing specimen trees that are spotte d within the Open Space area shoulri
have dead wood removed and thinned as required according to industry standards .
Watering of newly planted trees -Introduced trees planted within the Open Space shall be wa.tered
with submatic irrigation or bubbler irrigation system. Native grasses and wildflowers should not be
watered with an automatic system; however, they will require a temporary above-grade watering
system for the first two years in order to fully establish wildflower coverage.
Overlooks, Rest Stops, and Trail Heads -General clean up of these gathering areas would involve
trash pick-up and washing down of paved sitting areas and walks.
General lighting -For safety reasons, lamp replacement and occasional painting of fixtures and poles
should occur.
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 66
r
Town of Westlake
LANDSCAPE STANDARDS
Tree Preservation-Reference Town's Tree Preservation Ordinance
Tree Planting and Native Gasses/Wildflowers-Reference Town 's Landscap e Ordinance and Special
PDs of the Town.
Large Shrubs and Evergreen Trees -If desired, select species to buffer private properties and uses
adjacent to nearby trails . Trees such as Eldarica Pine, Slash Pine, Cherry Laurel, Foster Holly and Red
Cedar can be used because of their natural growth habits and do not require shearing or excessive
pruning.
They should be planted in casual groupings or "drifts" as opposed to straight "man-made rows" or rig id
lines.
Special Planting Patterns and Designs -Planting of strong man-made patterning of trees and other
planting forms is generally discouraged within the Open Space Corridor. However, special reviews and
variances shall be considered by the Town's Aldermen.
March, 1999 OPEN SPACE PLAN Page 67